How do pneumatic circuits primarily differ from hydraulic circuits?

Pneumatic circuits primarily differ from hydraulic circuits in that pneumatic systems utilize compressed gas to transmit energy, while hydraulic systems operate using incompressible liquids, typically oil or water. This fundamental difference in the medium employed leads to various operational characteristics.

Compressed gases, such as air, are easily compressed and can be stored in tanks, allowing for quick release and actuation of tools and machinery. This makes pneumatic systems highly responsive and suitable for applications requiring rapid movement, such as in automated assembly lines. On the other hand, hydraulic systems, using liquids, provide significant force in a smaller footprint, making them ideal for heavy lifting applications.

Moreover, the properties of gases and liquids lead to distinct advantages and limitations for each type of system. For example, pneumatic systems generally exhibit less contamination and can operate in environments where spills from hydraulic fluids would be problematic. Hydraulic systems, however, excel in applications needing high force and precise control.

Understanding the properties of the media used in these circuits enables better decisions in selecting the appropriate technology for specific applications in industrial settings.